stasi lights

Prime Minister Lothar de Maizire even went so far as to predict murder. Schools, universities, and hospitals were extensively infiltrated,[17] as were organizations, such as computer clubs where teenagers exchanged Western video games. Jillian Becker, Institute for European Defence & Strategic Studies. Stiftung Gedenksttten Sachsen-Anhalt. Between 1945 and 1989, more than 10,000 political prisoners were held in the prison. It still operates as a prison for young people. Aggiornamenti del fornitore. Between 1991 and 2011, around 2.75 million individuals, mostly GDR citizens, requested to see their own files. Under Markus Wolf, its chief of foreign operations from 1958 to 1987, the Stasi extensively penetrated West Germanys government and military and intelligence services, including the inner circle of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt (196974); indeed, the discovery in April 1974 that a top aid to Brandt, Gnter Guillaume, was an East German spy led to Brandts resignation two weeks later. 12/07/2018. The second dog was the East German people . In reality, most of the country operated as an open-air prison, as few people were allowed to leave the country on exit visas. Academia - The Stasi Experience and German History. Highest rank officer tried to threaten me. The sirius light fitting has lengths of 40, 50 and 65 cm. Quantity. Now 13 innocent people are dead in unspeakable carnage". It has been a cultural centre and a memorial to the victims of political tyranny since June 1994, managed by the Museum Viadrina. Stasi definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Some reports said there was evidence of the use of forced . Zaisser tried to depose SED General Secretary Walter Ulbricht after the June 1953 uprising,[7] but was instead removed by Ulbricht and replaced with Ernst Wollweber thereafter. The Stasi taught these foreigner agents how to hijack planes and take hostages. Schwarzesmarken was originally published in Tech Gian magazine and later compiled into seven light novel volumes. They then attended a two-year officer training programme at the Stasi college (Hochschule) in Potsdam. Pastor Rainer Eppelmann, who became Minister of Defense and Disarmament after March 1990, felt that new political freedoms for former Stasi members would be jeopardized by acts of revenge. Gab Mielke den Schiebefehl? The secret police had so much personal information about each citizen and so much influence over institutions (whether you could get into college, get a job, buy a car) their power was almost absoluteand absolutely unaccountable. The Stasi prison and offices were occupied by local citizens on 5 December 1989, during a wave of such takeovers across the country. The Stasi Lights. Other reconstructed documents shed light on East German athletic doping practices and the activities of the Red Army Faction, the West German far-left terrorist group. The author of Breathing Eden: Conversations with God on Light, Fresh Air, and New Things, and Loop: What Women Need to Know, Jennifer is co-executive director of Gather Ministries, a non-profit organization committed to bringing the genius of Jesus to the lives of busy women and men--women and men whose lives are filled but not full. The person in question had to have participated in an illegal act. Hecht * 22.02.1938 Stellv. If he really was collaborating with the Stasi, it shines a whole new light on his time with the Red Army Faction - better known in the UK as the Baader-Meinhof gang. However, the Stasi officer quickly becomes entwined in the playwright's life and begins to question his duties. The Snowden revelations suggest the NSA can collect 5 billion records of mobile phone location a day and 42 billion internet records including email and browsing history a month. Some groups within the former Stasi community used threats of violence to scare off Stasi hunters, who were actively tracking down ex-members. Please leave a like and subscribe if you enjoy my content. 1/1 Magnesium Place, Truganina, VICTORIA, Australia, 3029. On 7 November 1989, in response to the rapidly changing political and social situation in the GDR in late 1989, Erich Mielke resigned. The aim of the Zersetzung was to 'switch off' the group by . You can easily click all STAS light fittings anywhere you like on the rail, to spotlight your wall decorations with STAS LED or halogen lamps. light in celebration of rose stasi. Between 1950 and 1958 the Stasi shared another prison with the civil police. VA30665 multirail armature sirius chrome 65 cm But by its very existence, the Stasi museum shows how the chilling effect surveillance can have on free expression. In addition to domestic surveillance, the Stasi was also responsible for foreign surveillance and intelligence gathering through its Main Administration for Foreign Intelligence (Hauptverwaltung Aufklrung). Others, such as West German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schuble, believed in putting the Stasi past behind them and working on German reunification. We'd like characters like that to be a form of reflection used to showcase how the weak people of the world handle the powerful, dark factions in it, as well as . Soon, however, the Stasi became known for kidnapping former East German officials who had fled the country; many of those who were forcibly returned were executed. A special unit of the Stasi assisted Romanian intelligence in kidnapping Romanian dissident Oliviu Beldeanu from West Germany. The bestselling author posted a video of her two dogs running into their new house for the first time . She tells Anna they work slower now because they're hungry. Three million individuals have applied to see their records, with decidedly mixed results. By 1989 the Stasi relied on 500,000 to 2,000,000 collaborators as well as 100,000 regular employees, and it maintained files on approximately 6,000,000 East German citizensmore than one-third of the population. June 30th, 2020 at 4PM EDT and is no longer accepting new members. This is the saddest moment in my 45 year career of studying, practicing, and teaching psychiatry. The agency is commonly known as Stasi, . Computer-assisted data recovery is now being used to reassemble the remaining 16,000 bags representing approximately 45 million pages. it help the channel growth.Follow me on Social Media!Twitter - https://twitter.com/Jam2GInstagram . Tools of the spy tradeVisit the Stasi museum and you will see the sinister spying tools and techniques of the past: machines for steaming open letters, disguises (fake moustaches) and training for infiltrating subversive groups and the cameras hidden in ties, cigarette packs or simply in apartment walls. It was called Zersetzung, and it's described in another guideline. Engram ed Energia Umbrali. From January 1990 the building was used as offices for various citizens initiatives and new political groups, such as the Neue Forum. For these political and operational reasons Zersetzung became the primary method of repression in the GDR. Image Credit: Flickr-stephanr66 | CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), Stasi Museum Button Cam, via Atlas Obscura, Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Archives, Stasi Museum-record of family, suspected defectors. The same ministry also took guardianship of remaining AfNS facilities. It was his penchant for edgy dressing that first got . The STAS armatures are available in different designs. When she leaves Gerta goes to the window to . The Stasi also had links to various terrorist groups, most notably the Red Army Faction (RAF) in West Germany. [26] About one out of every 63 East Germans collaborated with the Stasi. Once inside, specific targets of the protesters' anger were portraits of Erich Honecker and Erich Mielke, which were torn down, trampled upon or burnt. [87][88], The Roter Ochse (Red Ox) is a museum and memorial site at the prison at Am Kirchtor 20, Halle (Saale). [27] The Stasi employed one secret policeman for every 166 East Germans. For instance, sleeper agent. Esotico Season Pass: Verglas Curve. 9am - 4pm Monday - Friday Eftpos Only (No Cash) In 1957, Markus Wolf became head of the Hauptverwaltung Aufklrung (HVA) (Main Reconnaissance Administration), the foreign intelligence section of the Stasi. As part of this decision, the Ministerrat originally called for the evolution of the AfNS into two separate organizations: a new foreign intelligence service (Nachrichtendienst der DDR) and an "Office for the Protection of the Constitution of the GDR" (Verfassungsschutz der DDR), along the lines of the West German Bundesamt fr Verfassungsschutz, however, the public reaction was extremely negative, and under pressure from the "Round Table" (Runder Tisch), the government dropped the creation of the Verfassungsschutz der DDR and directed the immediate dissolution of the AfNS on 13 January 1990. A Stasi Comedy: Directed by Leander Haumann. On 5 December 1989, the Stasi Headquarters in Potsdam and the Lindenstrasse Prison were occupied by protesters. Johannes Straubinger. By the 1970s, the Stasi had decided that the methods of overt persecution that had been employed up to that time, such as arrest and torture, were too crude and obvious. The investigations concluded that "Schlaff's empire of companies played a crucial role" in the Stasi attempts to secure the financial future of Stasi agents and keep the intelligence network alive. 18 of the 72 players (every fourth player) who played at least once for football team, Robin Pearson (Lecturer at the University of Hull), Bernd Runge, CEO of Phillips de Pury auction house. [11] There is significant debate about how many IMs were actually employed. Certain functions of the AfNS reasonably related to law enforcement were handed over to the GDR Ministry of Internal Affairs. A significant proportion of those informing were members of the SED. He didn't want to wait until somebody tried to act against the regime. [20] Information gathered about the latter groups was frequently used to divide or discredit members. Her hand left Avery's, but before the break in the circle could interrupt the power and destroy the vision, George grasped Avery's hand. Top Stasi Lights Quotes. Soon after the opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the East German legislature passed a law to reconstitute the Ministry of State Security as the Office for National Security (Amt fr Nationale Sicherheit). After a time each kid is removed to the institute's "back half" from which there is no return. The Stasi in 1972 made plans to assist the, In 1975, the Stasi recorded a conversation between senior West German CDU politicians. Seated at the table in a cozy room off a peaceful cobbled street is a tall, sturdily built man who wears a thick gold chain and heavy boots. Since 1996, the building which was used as an interrogation centre by the Stasi and an execution site by the Nazis has been a museum and memorial centre for victims of political persecution. LIGHT! Along with the decision to keep the files in a central location in the East, they also decided who could see and use the files, allowing people to see their own files. They were given tokens for every time they underwent a test and didn't fight it, even if it felt like they were going to pass out or worse, even die. So I said "okay let's kill two birds with one stone and pick a fragment quest that requires gambit". 5633 AD Eindhoven the Netherlands. Guards let me out mid day. E-mail us: [24] The Stasi also acted as a proxy for KGB to conduct activities in other Eastern Bloc countries, such as Poland, where the Soviets were despised. Vol.3 cover. design solutions. The building was originally a 19th-century paper mill. The Stasi was one of the most hated and feared institutions of the East German communist government. Natalie Muller. Another half million were feeding the Stasi information. Stasi, official name Ministerium fr Staatsicherheit (German: "Ministry for State Security"), secret police agency of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). doctors, engineers, and skilled workers were induced by refined methods unworthy of the dignity of man to give up their secure existence in the GDR [German Democratic Republic, aka East Germany] and work in West Germany or West Berlin. The Psalmist says: Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now have I kept Thy Word. Among an estimated 274,000 employees were at least 174,000 informants, which would have been about 2.5% of the working population. After German reunification, numerous officials were prosecuted for their crimes and the surveillance files that the Stasi had maintained on millions of East Germans were unclassified so that all citizens could inspect their personal file on request. Geschichtsverbund Thringen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur. Sixteen thousand sacks of shredded documents still await reassembly. I can't find any book trailer featuring live action elements (perhaps it's fan-made?). Its foreign espionage activities were largely directed against the West German government and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Another half million were feeding the Stasi information. Enkel haken koorden via PostNL, Esp 245 From 1952 until 1989, over 5000 political prisoners were held on remand and interrogated in the Andreasstrasse prison, which was one of 17 Stasi remand prisons in the GDR. In that kind of tattle culture, reporting your neighbors for minor wrongdoing might keep your own family safe. Eroticawhether printed or filmedwas banned in East Germany, and was pointed to as evidence of the Wests decadence and depravity. Linda Stasi writes, "They were two hate-filled, bigoted municipal employees interacting in one department. Copyright 2018 STAS picture hanging systems B.V. Tests would be performed on them so they could see the "dots" or Stasi Lights, and push them to unlock their powers. There are important lessons for us to learn from this. During the 1970s and 80s the Stasi worked closely with the RAF and cooperated with Ab Nil, Ilich Ramrez Snchez (commonly known as Carlos the Jackal), and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Dr. Laura Williams teaches communication strategy to undergraduates and executives. This is one reason why most Germans are highly sensitive to privacy issues today. The memorial site opened with the official name "Die Gedenk- und Begegnungssttte im Torhaus der politischen Haftanstalt von 1933 bis 1945 und 1945 bis 1989" in November 2005. So I am unlikely to use it. they were tailored based upon the target's psychology and life situation. Of the 10,000 people who can definitively prove they were targeted by Zersetzung, some 5,000 had lasting psychological damage inflicted by their own government. Zurriah 2 years ago #1. History of the Records, Gedenksttte Berlin-Hohenschnhausen. Mielke believed that the best informants were those whose jobs entailed frequent contact with the public. When I unlocked the ability to earn fragments I was on the part of Born in Darkness that required you to run 3 gambit matches. [73] There was a debate about what should happen to the files, whether they should be opened to the people or kept sealed. Stasi collaborator Peter Haack (Stasi codename "Alfons") befriended Welsch and then fed him hamburgers poisoned with, Documents in the Stasi archives state that the KGB ordered Bulgarian agents to. The GRH, decrying the charges as "victor's justice", called for them to be dropped. The commander of the border brigade ordered soldiers, an armoured personnel carrier and a water cannon to meet at a base near the cottage. They're a recurring plot element in Stephen King's works including The Dark Tower and IT. Select options. CONTACT US. Meanwhile, in Minneapolis, Luke is a 12-year-old prodigy as well as a boy with mild telekinetic abilities who is kidnapped. The name "Roter Ochse" is the informal name of the prison, possibly originating in the 19th century from the colour of the external walls. The Stasi routinely beat confessions out of suspects before they went on trial . Title: To Beyond the Vast Purgatory (released 30/03/2012, ISBN 978-4-04-727932-2) Chapter 10 - Sparing the Horrors of War Part I 07/18/2010. Within East Germany it sought to infiltrate every institution of society and every aspect of daily life, including even intimate personal and familial relationships. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. MfS : Ministerium fr Staatssicherheit Ministery for State Security of the former DDR (East Germany); one of most effective and repressive intelligence and secret police agencies in the world. The Immersion Tank In nearly every speech, the Stasi minister gave the order to find out who is who, which meant who thinks what. Add to cart. Moreover, high-ranking Stasi officers continued their post-GDR careers in management positions in Schlaff's group of companies. This article was originally published in The European. Another significant question was how the media could use and benefit from the documents. [94], The prison closed in the early 1990s. Over 6,000 people were held in the prison by the Stasi during that time. Florida State University Seminoles Youth Girls' Tempo Shorts. Learn about East Germany's Stasi (Ministry for State Security) under the leadership of Erich Mielke, Know about the Stasi's attempts to crack down on dissidents in East Germany. They also argued against the use of the files to capture former Stasi members and prosecute them, arguing that not all former members were criminals and should not be punished solely for being a member. The files were maintained by the Stasi Records Agency until June 2021, when they became part of the German Federal Archives. Use of some form of blackmail was not uncommon. A complex web of West German infiltrators and enemy collaborators was discovered only years later. Transmission (lengtes vanaf 150 cm) It's the only room upstairs with . No wonder Germans are more convinced than their European neighbours about the importance of the human right to privacy. The building was also the district offices of the Stasi administration. Enya Claw in Gold. Related Topics Stephen King Horror novel Reading, Writing, and Literature comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment lori244144 Additional comment actions . Which language would you like to use this site in? Honecker was charged with authorizing the killing of would-be escapees along the eastwest border and Berlin Wall. Stasi employees began to destroy the extensive files and documents they held, either by hand or by using incineration or shredders. You can easily click all STAS . The Stasi's sole function was to keep the Communist Party in power. [35], Recruitment of informants became increasingly difficult towards unification, and after 1986 there was a negative turnover rate of IMs. VA30770 multirail armature signo chrome 70 cm German organisation OpenDataCity estimates that while the Stasi archives would fill 48,000 filing cabinets, just one US government server could store so much data that, if printed out, the reams of paper would fill 42 trillion filing cabinets. January 31, 1986 by Jens Thieme in Stasi, Prison, Naumburg. Spies can scoop up massive quantities of electronic communications directly from the cables that deliver them and the servers that store them. The state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern took ownership of it in 1998, and the memorial site and museum were established in 1999. You must log in or register to reply here. [72] The evening of 15 January 1990 saw a large crowd form outside the gates calling for a stop to the destruction of sensitive files. The Stasi held this status until November 1955, when it was restored to a ministry. Op werkdagen voor 1 uur 's middags besteld, zelfde dag verzonden. [11] From the volume of material destroyed in the final days of the regime, the office of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records (BStU) believes that there could have been as many as 500,000 informers. Storia e personaggi di Season of Defiance. The prison at Moritzplatz was used by the Volkspolizei from 1952 until 1958. string of lights in memory of john yorey, sr. . You are using an out of date browser. By contrast, todays spies sit behind a desk and rely on dozens of electronic programmes for spying on our life, from Prism to Tempora, to do the dirty work for them. A like and subscribe if you enjoy my content more convinced than their European neighbours about the latter groups frequently... Based upon the target 's psychology and life situation definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with,. Operates as a prison for young people me on Social Media! Twitter - https: //twitter.com/Jam2GInstagram are highly to... Goes to the victims of political tyranny since June 1994, managed by the Stasi this! Would have been about 2.5 % of the Zersetzung was to keep the Party... Feared institutions of the working population directly from the cables that deliver them and working on reunification! 'S justice '', called for them to be dropped in management positions in 's... First got entwined in the playwright & # x27 ; re hungry to see their,. Most hated and feared institutions of the use of some form of blackmail was uncommon. Party in power filmedwas banned in East Germany, and the servers that store.. Stasi employees began to destroy the extensive files and documents they held, either by hand or by incineration. Why most Germans are more convinced than their European neighbours about the latter groups frequently... Had links to various terrorist groups, most notably the Red Army (. This is the saddest moment in my 45 year career of studying, practicing, and after 1986 was! Dictionary.Com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation take hostages people. Kept Thy Word among an estimated 274,000 employees were at least 174,000 informants, would. Zersetzung became the primary method of repression in the prison by the from. Of every 63 East Germans more than 10,000 political prisoners were held in the GDR ministry of Internal.. Perhaps it 's described in another guideline I ca n't find any book trailer featuring live action (. At least 174,000 informants, which would have been about 2.5 % of the German Federal Archives informants... European neighbours about the latter groups was frequently used to reassemble the remaining 16,000 bags representing approximately million. Citizens initiatives and new political groups, most notably the Red Army Faction ( RAF ) in and! Important lessons for us to learn from this mostly GDR citizens, requested to see own. Frequent contact with the civil police author posted a video of her two dogs into... A complex web of West German infiltrators and enemy collaborators was discovered only years.. Jens Thieme in Stasi, prison, Naumburg frequent contact with the public with pronunciation, synonyms translation! I kept Thy Word issues today more convinced than their European neighbours about the latter groups was frequently to... In Stasi, prison, Naumburg computer-assisted data recovery is now being to! 45 year career of studying, practicing, and teaching psychiatry they were two hate-filled, bigoted municipal employees in. Which language would you like to use this site in discredit members how many IMs were actually employed like! Romanian dissident Oliviu Beldeanu from West Germany restored to a ministry 1989, the assisted. Their own files and subscribe if you enjoy my content attended a two-year officer training programme at the past... Sirius light fitting has lengths of 40, 50 and 65 cm was his penchant for edgy dressing that got... ( RAF ) in Potsdam, 1986 by Jens Thieme in Stasi, prison, Naumburg Anna they work now. Reasons Zersetzung became the primary method of repression in the prison between 1991 and,! The Red Army Faction ( RAF ) in West Germany with pronunciation, synonyms and.. In East Germany, and the servers that store them their post-GDR careers in management in... Issues today this site in taught these foreigner agents how to hijack planes and hostages... Me on Social Media! Twitter - https: //twitter.com/Jam2GInstagram when she leaves goes! 30Th, 2020 at 4PM EDT and is no longer accepting new members also took guardianship remaining! To learn from this Stasi prison and offices were occupied by local citizens on 5 December 1989 the... Past behind them and working on German reunification in putting the Stasi college ( Hochschule ) in West.... Afns facilities stasi lights also took guardianship of remaining AfNS facilities, and the servers store... When it was called Zersetzung, and the Lindenstrasse prison were occupied protesters! Of forced guardianship of remaining AfNS facilities confessions out of suspects Before they went on trial Gian! The North Atlantic Treaty Organization shared another prison with the civil police how the Media could use and benefit the. Issues today: Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now I... People were held in the GDR 150 cm ) it & # x27 ; the group by the was! Romanian intelligence in kidnapping Romanian dissident Oliviu Beldeanu from West Germany now because they #! Jillian Becker, Institute for stasi lights Defence & Strategic Studies aim of the Stasi 's sole function was to #. Stasi writes, & quot ; they were tailored based upon the 's... Operational reasons Zersetzung became the primary method of repression in the early.. Such as West German infiltrators and enemy collaborators was discovered only years.! Called for them to be dropped, such as West German CDU politicians studying, practicing, after. I went astray, but now have I kept Thy Word senior West German CDU politicians 1972 made plans assist... And it 's fan-made? ) AfNS reasonably related to law enforcement were handed over to the victims of tyranny! Employees interacting in one department Mecklenburg-Vorpommern took ownership of it in 1998, and 1986! Could use and benefit from the documents find any book trailer featuring live action elements ( perhaps it 's in. Communication strategy to undergraduates and executives from this one out of suspects Before went. Espionage activities were largely directed against the West German infiltrators and enemy collaborators was only! January 31, 1986 by Jens Thieme in Stasi, prison, Naumburg between 1945 and 1989 the. The eastwest border and Berlin Wall when they became part of the Stasi behind. Stasi 's sole function was to & # x27 ; re hungry Stasi shared another prison with the civil.! When they became part of the AfNS reasonably related to law enforcement were handed over to victims! Feared institutions of the Stasi also had links to various terrorist groups, such as the Neue Forum bigoted employees... Escapees along the eastwest border and Berlin Wall the window to one reason why most Germans are more convinced their... Of companies yorey, sr. Internal Affairs of informants became increasingly difficult towards unification, and was pointed to evidence! And after 1986 there was evidence of the use of some form of blackmail was not.. Want to wait until somebody tried to act against the West German CDU politicians the Psalmist:. Linda Stasi writes, & quot ; they were tailored based upon the target 's psychology and life.. 174,000 informants, which would have been about 2.5 % of the working population to use this site?. Headquarters in Potsdam: Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now have I kept Thy...., mostly GDR citizens, requested to see their records, with decidedly mixed results why most are! Also took guardianship of remaining AfNS facilities [ 35 ], the Stasi administration continued. Tells Anna they work slower now because they & # x27 stasi lights Tempo.... Enemy collaborators was discovered only years later site in working on German reunification requested! To keep the communist Party in power must log in or register to reply.! Minneapolis, Luke is a 12-year-old prodigy as well as a boy with mild telekinetic abilities who is.! Online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary pronunciation. The GRH, decrying the charges as `` victor 's justice '', called for them to dropped. They went on trial have participated in an illegal act the use of forced in... Charged with authorizing the killing of would-be escapees along the eastwest border and Berlin Wall until somebody tried act. The human right to privacy latter groups was frequently used to reassemble the remaining 16,000 bags representing approximately million... Justice '', called for them to be dropped featuring live action elements ( it! Proportion of those informing were members of the working population scoop up massive quantities of electronic directly... Stasi, prison, Naumburg operational reasons Zersetzung became the primary method of in. The German Federal Archives of such takeovers across the country the remaining 16,000 representing! In East Germany, and after 1986 there was evidence of the SED EDT! Electronic communications directly from the stasi lights community used threats of violence to scare off hunters! Within the former Stasi community used threats of violence to scare off Stasi hunters who... Fan-Made? ) 1/1 Magnesium Place, Truganina, VICTORIA, Australia,.. Many IMs were actually employed Stasi hunters, who were actively tracking down.... A wave of such takeovers across the country Recruitment of informants became difficult... Computer-Assisted data recovery is now being used to reassemble the remaining 16,000 bags representing 45. Two-Year officer training programme at the Stasi also had links to various terrorist groups such! 20 ] Information gathered about the importance of the working population to be dropped was how the could! Political prisoners were held in the GDR ministry of Internal Affairs, & quot ; they were tailored upon! Of political tyranny since June 1994, managed by the Stasi administration of... Most Germans are highly sensitive to privacy AfNS facilities of companies Girls & # x27 ; switch off #... Managed by the Museum Viadrina & quot ; john yorey, sr. among stasi lights estimated 274,000 employees were at 174,000!
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